Product Description
Ciprofloxacin Lactate is a water-soluble salt form of ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is chemically designated as 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid lactate. This formulation enhances solubility, making it suitable for intravenous (IV) administration.
Mechanism of Action:
Ciprofloxacin acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This leads to bactericidal effects against susceptible microorganisms.
Antimicrobial Spectrum:
Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Salmonella, Shigella, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae
Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains, MRSA in some cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (limited susceptibility)
Other organisms: Some atypical pathogens like Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia
Indications:
Severe bacterial infections (respiratory, urinary tract, skin/soft tissue, bone/joint, intra-abdominal)
Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia
Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pyelonephritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis (e.g., typhoid fever)
Sepsis
Post-exposure prophylaxis for anthrax
Dosage & Administration:
Typically administered via IV infusion (slow drip to avoid irritation).
Dosage varies based on infection severity, renal function, and patient weight.
Common adult dose: 200–400 mg every 8–12 hours (adjustments needed for renal impairment).
Side Effects:
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
CNS effects: Headache, dizziness, insomnia (rarely seizures)
Cardiac: QT prolongation (caution in patients with arrhythmias)
Tendonitis/tendon rupture (black box warning)
Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, anaphylaxis)
Photosensitivity
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
Concurrent use with tizanidine (risk of severe hypotension)
History of tendon disorders
Drug Interactions:
Antacids, sucralfate, iron/zinc supplements ↓ absorption (administer 2–4 hours apart).
Theophylline, warfarin (monitor levels due to increased toxicity risk).
NSAIDs ↑ seizure risk.
Storage:
Store at controlled room temperature; protect from light.
IV solutions should be used immediately after preparation.
Note:
Avoid in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and pediatric patients (unless no alternatives exist) due to risk of cartilage damage.
Reserve use for serious infections to prevent antibiotic resistance.
Ciprofloxacin Lactate is a potent antibiotic reserved for critical infections where oral therapy is not feasible. Always follow antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.